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China’s Agriculture Green Development: from Concept to Actions

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023512

摘要：

● A target-threshold indicator evaluation system is proposed to measure China’s agriculture transformation.

关键词： agricultural transformation     Agriculture Green Development     historical trend     indicator system     theoretical conception    

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Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term historical

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1460-0

摘要：

•Strong ENSO influence on AOD is found in southern China region.

关键词： El Niño–Southern Oscillation     Aerosol concentration     Aerosol particle size     Contribution separation     Decadal trend     Southern China    

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Conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building in China in the post-industrial era

WANG Jianguo, JIANG Nan

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第4期   页码 474-480 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0064-5

摘要： The conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building is one of the most important issues to be solved in today s urban development and construction in China. In this paper, the necessity and academic meaning of the conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building were discussed by reviewing its development rend both at home and abroad, and the basic contents of the implementation of the conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building in China with specific cases provided were analyzed. It is the central task for China to put forward the restructuring and design methods, assessment principles and relevant core technical specifications based on the empirical researches on the historical industrial building and site.

关键词： historical industrial     industrial building     implementation     adaptive-reuse     empirical    

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Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges     seismic behavior     modal properties     pulse-like records     nonlinear time history analysis    

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ClimateAP: an application for dynamic local downscaling of historical and future climate data in Asia

Tongli WANG, Guangyu WANG, John L. INNES, Brad SEELY, Baozhang CHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 448-458 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017172

摘要： While low-to-moderate resolution gridded climate data are suitable for climate-impact modeling at global and ecosystems levels, spatial analyses conducted at local scales require climate data with increased spatial accuracy. This is particularly true for research focused on the evaluation of adaptive forest management strategies. In this study, we developed an application, ClimateAP, to generate scale-free (i.e., specific to point locations) climate data for historical (1901–2015) and future (2011–2100) years and periods. ClimateAP uses the best available interpolated climate data for the reference period 1961–1990 as baseline data. It downscales the baseline data from a moderate spatial resolution to scale-free point data through dynamic local elevation adjustments. It also integrates and downscales the historical and future climate data using a delta approach. In the case of future climate data, two greenhouse gas representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and 15 general circulation models are included to allow for the assessment of alternative climate scenarios. In addition, ClimateAP generates a large number of biologically relevant climate variables derived from primary monthly variables. The effectiveness of the local downscaling was determined based on the strength of the local linear regression for the estimate of lapse rate. The accuracy of the ClimateAP output was evaluated through comparisons of ClimateAP output against observations from 1805 weather stations in the Asia Pacific region. The local linear regression explained 70%–80% and 0%–50% of the total variation in monthly temperatures and precipitation, respectively, in most cases. ClimateAP reduced prediction error by up to 27% and 60% for monthly temperature and precipitation, respectively, relative to the original baselines data. The improvements for baseline portions of historical and future were more substantial. Applications and limitations of the software are discussed.

关键词： biologically relevant climate variables     downscaling     dynamic local regression     future climate     historical climate    

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CMIP5 模式对大尺度年平均地面气温异常的多年代际趋势的模拟评估和未来预估

邢楠, 李建平, 王兰宁

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 136-143 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2016.04.011

摘要：

基于观测和第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5) 模式的模拟结果，本文对全球、半球、半球陆地及海洋尺度的年平均地面气温异常在过去一百多年及两个代表性浓度路径(RCPs) 情景下的多年代际变化及趋势进行了评估分析。根据模式对全球平均地面气温异常的时间变率、长期趋势、多年代际变化及趋势的模拟能力，筛选出15 个模式进行分析。观测结果表明，北半球陆地、北半球海洋和南半球海洋平均地面气温异常与全球平均地面气温异常具有相似的多年代际变化特征：在1900—1944 年及1971—2000 年呈现增暖趋势，并在1945—1970 年和2001—2013 年呈现增暖停滞甚至变冷趋势。模式能够基本再现以上观测特征。然而，与以上变化不同的是，南半球陆地的平均地面气温在1945—1970 年呈现增暖趋势，并且模式不能很好模拟该特征。对于近期的增暖停滞阶段(2001—2013 年)，BCC-CSM1-1-m 模式、CMCC-CM 模式、GFDL-ESM2M 模式及NorESM1-ME模式在RCP4.5 和RCP8.5 情景下预估的全球及半球尺度的地面气温异常趋势值最接近观测值，表明它们具有较好的预估能力。由于这四个模式在地面气温异常的多年代际趋势上具有较好的模拟及预估性能，故选择它们来预估2006—2099 年的地面气温异常在全球及半球尺度上的变化特征。结果显示在RCP4.5(RCP8.5) 情景下，所选四个模式集合平均的全球、北半球及南半球年平均地面气温异常趋势值分别为0.17(0.29)、0.22(0.36) 及0.11(0.23) °C•decade–1，其趋势值明显小于未经过模式筛选的CMIP5 模式集合的结果。

关键词： 地面气温异常     多年代际趋势     第五次耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)     预估    

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齿轮技术的创新和发展趋势

梁桂明

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第3期   页码 1-6

摘要：

最早的齿轮是怎样发明出来的？它源于何方？用于何处？——这是近百年来人们在探索的一个谜。 两千年前，在中国、印度、希腊、罗马、埃及出土和出水的铸铁齿轮与青铜齿轮似乎解开了这个谜。其实不然， 它们只是第2代齿轮。第1代齿轮是木制齿轮。它源于四千年前，各文明古国发明水力机械中伴生。这是由于 这些文明古国聚居大河与海湾，与水有“缘分”所致。第2代齿轮的辉煌点表现在公元前200年中国的发明 ——指南车上。它在世界上第一次发明了差动机构，第一次实现半自动控制机构，第一次出现有走向功能的机 器人。1800年工业革命带来了第3代齿轮，其特征是用直刃刀具成批生产渐开线的钢制齿轮形成了现代齿轮的 技术平台。进人21世纪，以高强度复合材料代替资源匮乏的钢材，标志着新一代（第4代）齿轮的到来，它将 与知识经济共存。未来50年齿轮创新的趋势，是追求小化、净化、静化，高可靠性、高强度、高转速和低材 耗、低能耗、低重量。

关键词： 齿轮     创新     发展趋势    

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towards a comprehensive framework for assessing liquefaction land damage vulnerability: Exploration from historical

Mahmood AHMAD, Xiao-Wei TANG, Jiang-Nan QIU, Feezan AHMAD, Wen-Jing GU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1476-1491 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0670-z

摘要： The unprecedented liquefaction-related land damage during earthquakes has highlighted the need to develop a model that better interprets the liquefaction land damage vulnerability (LLDV) when determining whether liquefaction is likely to cause damage at the ground’s surface. This paper presents the development of a novel comprehensive framework based on select case history records of cone penetration tests using a Bayesian belief network (BBN) methodology to assess seismic soil liquefaction and liquefaction land damage potentials in one model. The BBN-based LLDV model is developed by integrating multi-related factors of seismic soil liquefaction and its induced hazards using a machine learning (ML) algorithm-K2 and domain knowledge (DK) data fusion methodology. Compared with the C4.5 decision tree-J48 model, naive Bayesian (NB) classifier, and BBN-K2 ML prediction methods in terms of overall accuracy and the Cohen’s kappa coefficient, the proposed BBN K2 and DK model has a better performance and provides a substitutive novel LLDV framework for characterizing the vulnerability of land to liquefaction-induced damage. The proposed model not only predicts quantitatively the seismic soil liquefaction potential and its ground damage potential probability but can also identify the main reasons and fault-finding state combinations, and the results are likely to assist in decisions on seismic risk mitigation measures for sustainable development. The proposed model is simple to perform in practice and provides a step toward a more sophisticated liquefaction risk assessment modeling. This study also interprets the BBN model sensitivity analysis and most probable explanation of seismic soil liquefied sites based on an engineering point of view.

关键词： Bayesian belief network     liquefaction-induced damage potential     cone penetration test     soil liquefaction     structural learning and domain knowledge    

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Corrigendum to “Multidecadal Trends in Large-Scale Annual Mean SATa Based on CMIP5 Historical Simulations Corrigendum

Nan Xing,Jianping Li,Lanning Wang

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第3期   页码 428-428 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.015

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Trend detection and stochastic simulation prediction of streamflow at Yingluoxia hydrological station

Chenglong ZHANG,Mo LI,Ping GUO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第1期   页码 81-96 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016112

摘要： Investigating long-term variation and prediction of streamflow are critical to regional water resource management and planning. Under the continuous influence of climate change and human activity, the trends of hydrologic time series are nonstationary, and consequently the established methods for hydrological frequency analysis are no longer applicable. Five methods, including the linear regression, nonlinear regression, change point analysis, wavelet analysis and Hilbert-Huang transformation, were first selected to detect and identify the deterministic and stochastic components of streamflow. The results indicated there was a significant long-term increasing trend. To test the applicability of these five methods, a comprehensive weighted index was then used to assess their performance. This index showed that the linear regression was the best method. Secondly, using the normality test for stochastic components separated by the linear regression method, a normal distribution requirement was satisfied. Next, the Monte Carlo stochastic simulation technique was used to simulate these stochastic components with normal distribution, and thus a new ensemble hydrological time series was obtained by combining the corresponding deterministic components. Finally, according to these outcomes, the streamflow at different frequencies in 2020 was predicted.

关键词： Monte Carlo     nonstationary     trend detection     streamflow prediction     decomposition and ensemble     Yingluoxia    

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Temporal trend of mortality from major cancers in Xuanwei, China

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 487-495 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0413-z

摘要：

Although a number of studies have examined the etiology of lung cancer in Xuanwei County, China, other types of cancer in this county have not been reported systematically. This study aimed to investigate the temporal trend of eight major cancers in Xuanwei County using data from three mortality surveys (1973–1975, 1990–1992, and 2004–2005). The Chinese population in 1990 was used as a standard population to calculate age-standardized mortality rates. Cancers of lung, liver, breast, brain, esophagus, leukemia, rectum, and stomach were identified as the leading cancers in this county in terms of mortality rate. During the three time periods, lung cancer remained as the most common type of cancer. The mortality rates for all other types of cancer were lower than those of the national average, but an increasing trend was observed for all the cancers, particularly from 1990–1992 to 2004–2005. The temporal trend could be partly explained by changes in risk factors, but it also may be due to the improvement in cancer diagnosis and screening. Further epidemiological studies are warranted to systematically examine the underlying reasons for the temporal trend of the major cancers in Xuanwei County.

关键词： cancer     mortality     Xuanwei     temporal trend    

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Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 515-532 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0814-4

摘要： Pavement roughness (IRI—International Roughness Index values) influence the stability of traffic movements both on intercity roads and urban roads. This study is to determine the exact locations of critical pavement roughness values that affect traffic motion stability and comfort in city centre highway arteries. Roughness data with 10 m intervals were collected on a 3140 m divided road containing three consecutive signalized intersections in the city centre arterial. These data were analysed using the distance-dependent Mann-Kendall trend analysis method and checkerboard model. The sections where roughness is important were determined at a 95% confidence interval. The results will show where future pavement improvements should be prioritized for municipalities and road maintenance engineers and will form a basis for the urban road management system.

关键词： trend analysis     checkerboard model     IRI     driver speed    

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Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第11卷 第4期   页码 325-327 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0402-1

摘要：

Manufacturing is the foundation of a nation’s economy. It is the primary industry to promote economic and social development. To accelerate and upgrade China’s manufacturing sector from “precision manufacturing” to “high-performance and high-quality manufacturing”, a new breakthrough should be found in terms of achieving a “leap-frog development”. Unlike conventional manufacturing, the fundamental theory of “Manufacturing 3.0” is beyond the scope of conventional theory; rather, it is based on new principles and theories at the atomic and/or close-to-atomic scale. Obtaining a dominant role at the international level is a strategic move for China’s progress.

关键词： atomic manufacturing     Manufacturing 3.0     Manufacturing 2025     Industry 4.0    

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Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1034-6

摘要： Confronted with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, China has become an asset in tackling the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission and mutation, with several innovative platforms, which provides various technical means in this persisting combat. Derived from collaborated researches, vaccines based on the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or inactivated whole virus are a cornerstone of the public health response to COVID-19. Herein, we outline representative vaccines in multiple routes, while the merits and plights of the existing vaccine strategies are also summarized. Likewise, new technologies may provide more potent or broader immunity and will contribute to fight against hypermutated SARS-CoV-2 variants. All in all, with the ultimate aim of delivering robust and durable protection that is resilient to emerging infectious disease, alongside the traditional routes, the discovery of innovative approach to developing effective vaccines based on virus properties remains our top priority.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     COVID-19 vaccine     vaccine development    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

China’s Agriculture Green Development: from Concept to Actions

期刊论文

Evaluation of the influence of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on air quality in southern China from long-term historical

期刊论文

Conservation and adaptive-reuse of historical industrial building in China in the post-industrial era

WANG Jianguo, JIANG Nan

期刊论文

Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

期刊论文

ClimateAP: an application for dynamic local downscaling of historical and future climate data in Asia

Tongli WANG, Guangyu WANG, John L. INNES, Brad SEELY, Baozhang CHEN

期刊论文

CMIP5 模式对大尺度年平均地面气温异常的多年代际趋势的模拟评估和未来预估

邢楠, 李建平, 王兰宁

期刊论文

齿轮技术的创新和发展趋势

梁桂明

期刊论文

为完成中国工业化现代化历史使命而持续奋斗——中国工程院第六次院士大会工作报告（节录）

宋健

期刊论文

towards a comprehensive framework for assessing liquefaction land damage vulnerability: Exploration from historical

Mahmood AHMAD, Xiao-Wei TANG, Jiang-Nan QIU, Feezan AHMAD, Wen-Jing GU

期刊论文

Corrigendum to “Multidecadal Trends in Large-Scale Annual Mean SATa Based on CMIP5 Historical Simulations

Nan Xing,Jianping Li,Lanning Wang

期刊论文

Trend detection and stochastic simulation prediction of streamflow at Yingluoxia hydrological station

Chenglong ZHANG,Mo LI,Ping GUO

期刊论文

Temporal trend of mortality from major cancers in Xuanwei, China

null

期刊论文

Detection of critical road roughness sections by trend analysis and investigation of driver speed interaction

Meltem SAPLIOGLU; Ayse UNAL; Melek BOCEK

期刊论文

Atomic and close-to-atomic scale manufacturing—A trend in manufacturing development

Fengzhou FANG

期刊论文

Innovation-driven trend shaping COVID-19 vaccine development in China

期刊论文